Defense spendings...

http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/fy09_dod_request_global/

Total defense spending - 1.47T

US accounts for 48% of world defense spending. It spends around 711B.

India 11th at 22B

Immigration research...

Immigration numbers - http://www.dhs.gov/ximgtn/statistics/publications/yearbook.shtm

Good papers at http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5761.html

Ethnic composition of US inventors - http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/08-006.pdf

Chinese - 8%

Europeans - 6.5%

Indians - 5%

How much is 9.7 trillion....

From bloomberg - http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601110&sid=aGq2B3XeGKok

The $9.7 trillion in pledges would be enough to send a $1,430 check to every man, woman and child alive in the world. It’s 13 times what the U.S. has spent so far on wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to Congressional Budget Office data, and is almost enough to pay off every home mortgage loan in the U.S., calculated at $10.5 trillion by the Federal Reserve.